Abstract

Background: Smoking and obesity are strongly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we investigated the correlations of obesity (body fat [BF], waist circumference [WC], and body mass index [BMI]) and smoking with subclinical CAD in Taiwanese adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 863 adults. Relevant data were collected through medical history-taking, physical examination, blood tests, and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for subclinical CAD.

Results: The CCTA findings were used to classify participants into three groups: no CAD, probable subclinical CAD, and definite subclinical CAD. WC and BMI were the highest in the definite subclinical CAD group. In the multivariate model, which was adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, fasting plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and systolic blood pressure, BF andWC were identified as significant risk factors for definite subclinical CAD. In men, BF andWC were significantly associated with definite subclinical CAD, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.063 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.015–1.114) and 1.030 (95% CI: 1.000–1.062), respectively. Individuals with both obesity and smoking habits had a significantly higher risk of subclinical CAD than those with normal weight and no smoking habits (OR: 2.657; 95% CI: 1.469–4.805).

Conclusion: BF and WC may serve as useful predictors of subclinical CAD in adults. Individuals, particularly men, with both obesity and smoking habits have a substantially higher risk of CAD.